Swing Research & Biomechanics
A collection of cited, peer-reviewed data and statistical averages from the PGA Tour and 3D motion capture labs.
Trackman PGA Tour Averages (Driver)
| Metric | PGA Tour Avg | LPGA Tour Avg | What It Means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Club Speed | 114 mph | 94 mph | Velocity of the clubhead at impact. |
| Attack Angle | -1.0 deg | +3.0 deg | Whether the club is moving up or down at impact. |
| Smash Factor | 1.49 | 1.48 | Ball Speed divided by Club Speed. Efficiency. |
| Spin Rate | 2686 rpm | 2611 rpm | Backspin applied to the ball. |
Ground Reaction Forces (Kwon, 2013)
Research by Dr. Young-Hoo Kwon demonstrates that elite ball strikers utilize significantly higher vertical forces than amateurs. The average tour player generates vertical forces exceeding 200% of their body weight just before impact. This "pushing off the ground" serves to aggressively brake the pelvis, allowing the torso to accelerate via the kinetic chain.
Wrist Kinematics (HackMotion Data)
Analysis of over 1,000,000 swings reveals a stark contrast in lead wrist flexion. At the top of the swing, tour pros exhibit an average of -5° to -25° (flexion/bowed), whereas high handicappers average +15° (extension/cupped). This requires the amateur to wildly manipulate the face through impact, while the pro rotates passively.